Gyoji: Referees

Gyoji use their eagle eye to referee bouts between rikishi. We hear insights from a man with an impressive record as well as other active referees and learn how their role extends beyond the ring.

We spotlight Kimura Yodo, whose accuracy in making calls is second to none
Referees also handle a range of tasks outside of the ring
Learn about the mindset of Kimura Shonosuke, the most senior rank among referees
Our sumo-savvy studio panel shares stories about referees

Transcript

00:02

This time on DOSUKOI Sumo Salon, we spotlight referees - gyoji!

00:10

No matter the situation...

00:13

...they make split-second decisions with an eagle eye.

00:19

Even when it's a close call, they never hesitate.

00:23

So true!

00:25

Today they share what goes on behind the scenes.

00:30

Worry, anxiety, or maybe fear.

00:35

Their work extends beyond the ring.

00:39

We'll follow them on a regional tour...

00:42

Entering from the east side, Meisei.

00:46

...gain some surprising insights...

00:50

...and see some tools of the trade.

00:55

Recently, the sumo world celebrated the appointment of its first top-ranked referee in nine years.

01:03

Today we dive deep into the world of sumo referees!

01:08

It's time for DOSUKOI Sumo Salon!

01:14

Welcome to DOSUKOI Sumo Salon.

01:17

Today's topic is gyoji - referees.

01:20

So, Nomachi-san, this should be interesting.

01:23

Yes, I've been looking forward to it.

01:26

I knew we were doing referees today,

01:28

so in the video clip just now I was paying attention to the gyoji.

01:33

But normally when I watch sumo, my eye is on the rikishi.

01:38

I think that's true for fans, too.

01:40

And Yoshida-san, welcome.

01:43

How do commentators view gyoji?

01:47

For TV play-by-play, we do watch video screens.

01:51

...But not the referees, I'm afraid.

01:53

I knew it!

01:55

To do commentary you have to be watching the rikishi.

02:00

However! When the bout is over, it's important to see who the referee declares the winner.

02:07

So we'll do a quick check and say,

02:09

"The referee signals a victory for the east side," for example.

02:13

I see.

02:14

And Oyakata.

02:16

How do rikishi view referees?

02:20

Personally, I think a good referee is someone who becomes invisible during the bout.

02:28

You don't want to get distracted.

02:31

Some referees love to come in close.

02:34

You wish they'd give you some space.

02:35

Oh wow! You wanna say "Stay back!"

02:40

Imada-san, time for a guessing game!

02:44

In top division tournaments, how many bouts does each referee officiate in a day?

02:51

How many per referee?

02:53

I thought it was the same referee calling all the matches!

02:57

What a surprise!

03:00

No, there are many referees.

03:02

Makes sense. I'll say five! Five per referee.

03:07

Let's look at Day 1 of a recent tournament.

03:11

The first top division bout is officiated by...

03:14

Kimura Ginjiro.

03:18

He also does the next bout.

03:24

But then another takes his place.

03:26

Shikimori Kindayu.

03:29

Then Shikimori Kindayu again.

03:33

Next up is Kimura Akijiro, who also officiates two bouts.

03:40

And it's the same for every referee that follows.

03:44

Which means the answer is "two bouts per referee!"

03:47

2 bouts!

03:50

At this tournament, 13 referees officiated top-division matches.

03:58

Four of them in bouts involving sanyaku rikishi and above.

04:02

There's a hierarchy for referees, just like for rikishi.

04:06

We surveyed active referees to get their thoughts.

04:12

First, we asked, "What are your main concerns in a bout?"

04:16

I'm eager to know.

04:20

Of nine respondents, six had a similar answer:

04:23

"don't go around to the front side of the ring."

04:28

Positioning is so important!

04:32

The "front" refers to the side of the ring in the foreground.

04:35

Here, the referee is standing on the rear side.

04:42

He moves about the rear side and doesn't come around to the front side.

04:52

If you go around to the front side, you can become disoriented,

04:57

and lose track of which is the west side rikishi and which is the east side rikishi.

05:04

"Wait," you think, "was he from the east or the west?"

05:08

That happens sometimes, so I try to stay away from the front side.

05:15

Depending on the flow of the match, a referee may go around to the front side.

05:21

But he quickly goes back.

05:23

They get back into position!

05:26

It's referee positioning 101.

05:32

Next we asked, "Where do you look during a bout?"

05:37

Once the bout starts, I watch only the lower body.

05:43

I hardly ever look at the upper body.

05:49

His gaze is indeed directed downward.

05:56

It seems this is another referee fundamental.

06:00

Then we asked, "How do you decide close calls?"

06:05

Kimura Konosuke has a unique style.

06:16

He crouches way down when watching the edge of the ring.

06:22

Whoa! His eyes are glued to the action!

06:30

When refereeing a match, I tend to keep my center of gravity low.

06:35

I try not to miss anything.

06:38

I want to see the action up close.

06:42

This may be an awkward way to put it...

06:48

but maybe it's worry, anxiety, or fear.

06:53

I feel like I need to be close to the action to do my job.

07:00

His fellow referee for sanyaku ranks takes a different approach.

07:05

I can see things better when I'm at a distance.

07:09

Kimura Hisanosuke drew our attention to a bout that ended at the edge of the ring.

07:21

The referee raises his fan to Midorifuji!

07:26

It appears that Midorifuji steps out of the ring and Onosho falls at the same time.

07:33

But Hisanosuke didn't hesitate to declare Midorifuji the winner.

07:39

The referee raises his fan to Midorifuji!

07:42

I believe I was watching Midorifuji's feet.

07:45

Just beyond I could see Onosho losing his balance.

07:49

I took it all into consideration and decided Midorifuji was still in.

07:55

My style is to take a wider view.

07:58

Sometimes you need to see the whole picture to make a decision.

08:04

So many layers.

08:06

And such different approaches!

08:10

Watching sumo you kind of get a sense that some referees get down really low,

08:17

while others seem to be floating around the ring.

08:21

You know, I used to referee variety-show sumo matches!

08:27

Where did you look?

08:28

Their feet.

08:29

It was super hard.

08:31

Interesting!

08:33

Sumo referees are so decisive.

08:36

They don't waver, even when it's a close call.

08:40

You never see them hesitate.

08:42

Yeah, good point.

08:44

They signal the winner immediately.

08:49

Take this bout, for instance, where the referee made his decision in just 0.73 seconds.

08:57

In this one, it was half a second.

09:00

A quick decision is a must.

09:04

Occasionally, a referee will change his mind.

09:09

He might raise his fan toward the east, but then go,

09:12

"Hold on," and bring the fan around.

09:15

Whoa!

09:17

This is "mawashi-uchiwa" - it's frowned upon.

09:21

The judges think poorly of a referee who changes his mind.

09:26

I didn't know!

09:27

Yes. It's a serious mistake.

09:30

Really?

09:34

But this raises a question.

09:36

If the referee can't see the decisive moment, what does he do?

09:47

The referee raises his fan to Midorifuji!

09:51

In this bout, the rikishi overlap and fall over at the same time.

09:55

His heel - is it in or out?

10:02

I can't see Midorifuji's heel from where I'm standing.

10:06

Takanosho is blocking my line of sight.

10:10

I can't see his heel...

10:12

but given his physical abilities...

10:15

I can make an educated guess...that he's still in the ring.

10:22

There are many instances where you can't see, so you estimate the outcome.

10:27

Based on their technique, does this rikishi have the ability to hang in there?

10:31

You let it play out in your head.

10:35

So I was sure of my decision.

10:37

I felt sure...that he was still in.

10:42

So he couldn't see!

10:44

Watching sumo on TV you don't really notice these things.

10:48

- Right, and everything happens so fast!
- Yeah.

10:54

But because he knows the rikishi's sumo style,

10:57

he can let it play out in his head and anticipate the outcome.

11:03

With confidence.

11:05

Oyakata, these days you sit ringside as a judge.

11:09

In this situation the two judges on the left clearly have no line of sight.

11:15

So if they're called up to review the bout, all they can say is "I couldn't see."

11:21

- Just admit it.
- Yes.

11:23

Referees have to decide by themselves, so I don't envy them at all!

11:30

Referees are amazing at what they do...

11:32

but it seems they find some rikishi are tougher "calls" than others.

11:39

Oyakata?

11:40

I would struggle with Ura.

11:44

That's because he's so versatile?

11:46

He often bends his body in incredible ways.

11:50

As he's going down, he'll spin around in an attempt to hold on.

11:54

So true.

11:56

So Ura's a tough call.

11:58

Here are the results of our referee survey!

12:04

These eight got one vote each.

12:06

They're known for their physical ability and tenacity at the edge of the ring.

12:14

36-year-old Sadanoumi...

12:18

He is known for his edge-of-the-ring reversals.

12:21

This referee said he's made a number of calls that ended up being overturned.

12:27

When asked about the overturned calls...

12:30

I'm not trying to go for close calls-

12:33

I'm going for decisive wins.

12:36

Next tournament I intend to avoid a judges' conference.

12:42

Wakatakakage caused a referee a different kind of problem.

12:48

His ring name is hard to pronounce.

12:51

His name!

12:55

Two rikishi tied for the most votes.

12:57

The reason for the first?

13:01

Smaller rikishi move fast.

13:05

He's unpredictable. I scramble to stay out of the way.

13:10

That rikishi is...Enho!

13:22

Ah yes, he's a handful!

13:27

And as for the other rikishi...

13:30

Anything can happen.

13:34

His athleticism makes his bouts unpredictable and tough to call.

13:38

...Who could it be?

13:43

Ura!

13:50

What happens next?

13:53

Ura pulls back.

13:56

He hung in there!

14:04

These rikishi hang on for dear life...

14:07

And keep referees on their toes!

14:12

That bout - it was exactly like the Oyakata said!

14:16

Indeed.

14:17

I was sitting ringside, predicting the outcome.

14:20

It looked like he was going down, but somehow, he used his body to stay in.

14:26

I couldn't believe it, but he was still clearly in.

14:30

Meanwhile Takakeisho can't see what's happening.

14:34

As he stumbles out, he's probably thinking Ura's gone down.

14:38

Yeah, tough call for the referee.

14:41

Tough loss for the opponent!

14:44

I've heard referees say it's somewhat easier when they go down as one.

14:49

When they're apart, it's tougher to decide what happened.

14:54

Two things happening at once.

14:56

Yes, I hear that's the worst.

15:00

Oyakata, as a judge, you must hate rikishi who make your job tough.

15:06

Certainly do!

15:09

Two big guys is easiest to see.

15:12

Clear-cut.

15:13

Next, let's focus on a moment a referee dreads!

15:20

Referee says Ura.

15:22

A judge calls for review.

15:27

Slap down!

15:30

We have a call for review.

15:33

When there's an objection to the referee's verdict,

15:36

the five judges confer and decide whether to uphold the decision, overturn it,

15:43

or rule it a simultaneous fall and order a rematch.

15:49

We reviewed every judges' conference in 28 recent tournaments.

15:56

Interesting!

15:57

Setting aside the rematch decisions, the referee's decision was questioned 203 times.

16:06

Of those, in 67 percent of cases, the referee's decision was upheld.

16:12

And in 33 percent of cases, the referee's decision was overturned.

16:24

Tough for the referee!

16:26

So, 203 instances of objection.

16:30

That's way more than I would've guessed.

16:31

I thought it was rare.

16:33

Yes. And so many overturned decisions.

16:37

Right.

16:39

For a referee, an overturned call is the worst outcome.

16:44

During the period we looked at, Kimura Yodo has had the fewest decisions overturned.

16:50

Let's see one tough call.

17:03

Referee says Kirishima.

17:07

There's an objection.

17:09

Here's the replay.

17:13

Tough call!

17:14

The referee declared Kirishima the winner.

17:16

There was an objection.

17:19

Did Kirishima step out just as Asanoyama touched the ground?

17:23

We've determined Asanoyama touched the ground first.

17:26

The referee's decision stands.

17:29

The decision stands, Kirishima wins.

17:34

What's Yodo's secret to making accurate calls?

17:37

We asked the man himself.

17:43

I have no idea.

17:45

In this case, the five judges came up and discussed it, reviewed the video,

17:49

and in the end I just happened to be right.

17:52

So matter-of-fact.

17:54

Hoping for a little more insight, we asked him to comment on the video.

18:02

Well...depending on your angle of view, it may appear like Kirishima's foot went out first.

18:10

Depending on your position.

18:14

In these situations I make a point of viewing the action from the side.

18:18

If I'm standing behind one of the rikishi, I can't see the other.

18:25

So I try to stand to the side.

18:30

Watch from the side: he says that is the key.

18:36

During the bout he's constantly on the move to stay perpendicular to the action.

18:51

Excluding bouts that resulted in do-overs,

18:54

Kimura Yodo's decisions were called into question 16 times.

19:01

Of those, he was overruled just once - an impressive record.

19:08

Yodo-san is one of my favorite referees.

19:12

I knew it.

19:13

He doesn't let you down.

19:16

We asked him where he learned to always watch the action from the side.

19:23

When I first became an apprentice,

19:26

I was taught the fundamentals, and ever since I've stuck to them.

19:31

Yodo is currently 62.

19:33

How does he continue to stay light on his feet in the ring?

19:43

Here's what he had to say.

19:45

I'm impatient by nature.

19:47

I like to keep moving.

19:48

So at train stations, I always take the stairs.

19:51

Even if it's a station deep underground, I don't like standing on the escalator.

19:56

Even long staircases?

19:57

Yes. Unless I'm carrying something really big.

20:04

Amazing accuracy!

20:07

When referees are young and full of energy, they handle bouts involving lower-rankers.

20:13

As they get older, they handle bouts involving the headliners.

20:17

But they need to be physically fit because the action is so fast.

20:22

Right, they need to be light on their feet in the ring.

20:25

Yoshida-san, what's Yodo-san usually like?

20:29

He's just like what we saw in the video clip.

20:33

Very matter-of-fact.

20:36

Also...

20:37

banzuke ranking sheets, like that one-

20:41

he was responsible for producing them for a long time.

20:45

He's a master of calligraphy as well as a model referee.

20:50

I wasn't aware of his near-perfect record, though!

20:55

Next, a special segment from our own Nomachi Mineko!

21:00

I'm a fan of referees' shouts.

21:03

Imada-san, I want you to pick your favorite "Hakkiyoi nokotta!"

21:09

After the initial clash, the referee shouts "Hakkiyoi nokotta"

21:13

to encourage the rikishi to give it all they've got.

21:16

Which shout is your favorite?

22:10

- I've never listened so intently!
- Right?

22:39

OK Imada-san, whose shout was your favorite?

22:44

I like a shout with a lot of personality.

22:48

Number three.

22:50

Akijiro-san!

22:52

He sounds...

22:54

Distinctive.

22:55

...just like Tonikaku Akarui Yasumura's impression of baseball banter.

23:03

- Can we listen to number 3 again?
- Yeah!

23:06

What is he saying?

23:11

Hahaha...they sound similar, but he does clearly say "nokotta."

23:16

Yeah, I like his shout.

23:20

Oyakata?

23:22

Number 7, Konosuke-san.

23:24

His voice really carries.

23:30

So clear!

23:33

They all have strong vocal cords.

23:35

They project.

23:37

Also, I love Inosuke-san's machine-gun style.

23:41

Ah yes! Love that.

23:47

So fast.

23:48

- Rapid-fire!
- So distinct.

23:51

I considered choosing him, too.

23:54

So, I have one more I wanted to show you.

23:57

He's a young referee, and I just love his take on "Hakkiyoi nokotta."

24:04

I'm guessing over time it evolved into something unique.

24:10

Take a listen.

24:21

It's like his "nokotta" are compressed together.

24:27

...Like that.

24:29

And it was like his footwork was in sync with his shouts.

24:32

Can we see that again?

24:44

I'm a big fan.

24:48

Incidentally, there's something else about this referee that's different from what we've seen so far.

24:56

He's barefoot!

25:01

Ring attire greatly varies by rank.

25:04

Referees for third division and below roll up their hakama trousers and are barefoot.

25:11

Promotion to the second division...

25:13

means you get to wear traditional split-toed socks.

25:19

Referees for the sanyaku ranks...get to wear straw sandals.

25:28

The outfit also comes with a small decorative case.

25:32

And a Tate-gyoji carries a dagger,

25:35

which is said to symbolize willingness to commit ritual suicide if a wrong decision is made.

25:45

Referees for third division and below all enter the ring barefoot.

25:50

Rikishi talk about how happy they were when they entered the second-highest division.

25:55

Referees remember the first time they put on the socks, that elaborate kimono, and walked up into the ring.

26:01

It's their proudest moment.

26:04

Where do they get their kimono?

26:06

The Oyakata knows better than me, but sometimes they're gifted kimono from rikishi.

26:12

A newly promoted Yokozuna will gift kimonos to the referees at his stable.

26:17

Yes. They're super expensive.

26:19

The higher the rank, the more expensive the outfit.

26:23

Well, I wish we could show all the prices!

26:28

OK, so far we've looked at what referees do in the ring.

26:32

But they also play an important role out on regional tours.

26:36

Let's take a look.

26:39

The Kyushu Tour takes place in December.

26:43

Lower-ranked referees arrive on the scene bright and early.

26:49

These three, who are in their twenties, entered the sumo world right out of junior high.

26:59

Just like rikishi, young referees learn the ropes by assisting their seniors.

27:10

Too tight!

27:13

Their first task on site is to set up spaces for senior referees.

27:21

The Tate-gyoji or chief referee is the furthest back, followed by referees for sanyaku ranks.

27:28

Referees for third division and below all sit together in the corner of the room.

27:33

There's a strict hierarchy.

27:38

26 referees participated in this tour,

27:41

performing an array of duties to ensure that everything runs smoothly.

27:46

We spot a young referee running a power cord out to a truck.

27:54

What's going on in the trailer?

28:01

Let's do 50 copies.

28:05

Programs featuring the day's matches, which will later be handed out to spectators.

28:12

Why print them on the day?

28:15

A rikishi may have to sit the day out.

28:18

That's why we wait until the morning of.

28:22

On regional tours, matchups can change at the last minute,

28:26

so the printing team holds off as long as possible.

28:33

At 9 a.m., the doors open, and it's time for another team to get to work.

28:40

This way everyone, you can set up inside.

28:45

It's the referees' job to facilitate media relations.

28:49

Test, test, test.

28:54

Basically, staff from the Japan Sumo Association don't accompany these regional tours.

29:01

So we referees handle the tasks.

29:06

Here's the logistics team.

29:10

Tours involve over 100 rikishi and stablemasters traveling from one place to the next.

29:16

Referees are responsible for sharing information about bus seats, hotel rooms, meal locations, and more.

29:23

So many tasks!

29:28

Try bigger characters.

29:30

Fill up the columns.

29:32

Oh...

29:34

Like this.

29:36

I'll redo it.

29:40

They write out detailed instructions on large sheets of paper.

29:45

These event sheets are called No-gaki.

29:52

As soon as they're put up near the dressing rooms, rikishi and their attendants come out to check.

30:02

Inside the event space, a team of referees sits in the back.

30:06

East side, Myogiryu.

30:11

East Maegashira #9.

30:15

Their job is to make announcements.

30:21

They use flash cards.

30:24

Each has the name of a rikishi, plus rank, birthplace, and stable.

30:30

Info at their fingertips!

30:34

Matchups can change at the last minute.

30:37

So in order to prepare, we rearrange the cards according to the program.

30:45

- I brought you guys a snack.
- Thank you.

30:48

Regional tours are also an opportunity for referees to connect with sumo fans.

30:53

Thank you for everything you do!

30:56

And it's the job of the referees to decide on the next day's matchups.

31:04

Let's begin.

31:07

Tamawashi...

31:10

Tamawashi and Mitakeumi.

31:16

They use a sheet that has the rikishi listed in order of ranking.

31:20

As matchups are decided, they mark the names with a stone.

31:25

Asatenmai and Kitanosho.

31:27

Shimanishiki and Chiyohokkai.

31:29

Lastly, they read out the stable names.

31:32

- Hanaregoma.
- Sakaigawa.

31:34

- Otake.
- Kokonoe.

31:35

- Nishonoseki.
- Tokiwayama.

31:37

- Kasugano.
- Hanaregoma.

31:40

Why do we check the stables?

31:42

Well, as we go through and decide matchups,

31:45

we might accidentally put together rikishi from the same stable.

31:51

We need to make sure that we haven't done that.

31:59

Behind the scenes, the referees support the rikishi in many ways.

32:08

They really do it all.

32:10

Yes.

32:11

Throughout my sumo career referees have really looked after me.

32:16

They take care of everything for you.

32:18

Throwing a party? They organize the whole thing.

32:21

So from my perspective their role in the ring almost feels like an add-on.

32:27

Most of my experience with them is in this other role.

32:31

No, no, their main role is in the ring.

32:34

They're not gonna like this!

32:37

When referees first start out, they live at the stable,

32:40

alongside the young rikishi in a communal room.

32:44

You're taking them for granted, oyakata!

32:47

We just saw Kimura Takao.

32:49

He's been like a big brother to me.

32:51

He taught me the ins and outs of the sumo world - everything.

32:57

He taught you the nitty-gritty.

32:59

But I've rarely seen him in referee attire.

33:01

You must've, you just weren't paying attention!

33:05

And those sheets, they looked like a lot of work.

33:10

This is the only way you can find out your hotel room.

33:14

Unlike the big tournaments, you stay at a different place every night.

33:18

Rikishi don't have the time to look it up themselves.

33:21

What's it like for an attendant?

33:24

You jot down the room numbers for the senior rikishi you're assisting as well as participating stablemasters.

33:30

Later at the hotel you go around making courtesy calls to the stablemasters.

33:34

You need to see the logistics sheets.

33:37

Right.

33:38

So when they put them up, people gather around to take notes.

33:42

It's very important.

33:45

Thankfully, these days...you can snap a photo.

33:49

Ah! So it's easy.

33:51

20 years ago, I'd have a notepad hanging from my neck so I was always ready.

33:58

Times have changed!

34:01

We saw Kimura Ginjiro just now.

34:04

So, the interesting thing about Ginjiro-san...

34:07

is that he's a railway geek.

34:11

So during regional tours he's absolutely indispensable to coordinating train travel, seating arrangements, and so on.

34:20

No need for an app.

34:21

He might be even better than an app!

34:25

Incidentally, when using air travel,

34:27

it's the referees' job to plan the seating arrangements to balance out the weight in the cabin.

34:35

So they also fly.

34:37

Kids cry out "The plane's gonna crash!"

34:40

Because we're big guys.

34:42

I could hear them crying in the back.

34:44

I felt bad for them.

34:47

Oh wow, that's rough.

34:52

Now let's get back to the tour.

34:57

At twelve thirty...

34:58

Dressed for his main job.

35:02

Where are you headed?

35:04

The entrance aisle.

35:06

It's time for the bouts to begin.

35:10

So young!

35:14

That includes this referee, whom we met earlier.

35:20

He takes his place in the ring in dignified attire.

35:29

Great voice, really carries.

35:34

Two hours later...

35:38

Back in ordinary clothes...

35:39

Back to normal.

35:42

Yeah!

35:43

...and attending senior referees.

35:45

So this is what they all go through.

35:53

Promotion is based on seniority.

35:56

It takes over 25 years to become a referee for the top division.

36:03

The last one up is Shikimori Inosuke.

36:06

His rank is Tate-gyoji, the highest among the 43 active referees.

36:13

That fine kimono has my name on it.

36:16

It has a crest with your name!

36:21

Yes, it was a gift.

36:24

I prepare his accessories.

36:29

His decorative case.

36:31

He also wears a dagger.

36:33

Plus headgear and war fan.

36:36

For young referees...it's work, work, work.

36:40

Work is everything.

36:43

The stablemasters are at the ship's wheel, but we provide support.

36:50

If a referee makes a mistake...the ship's engine stalls.

36:56

We play an important role.

37:03

Becoming a referee means being in it for the long haul.

37:10

They keep the ship on course.

37:16

What is Inosuke-san like?

37:18

I remember one time being with him on the Autumn Tour.

37:22

You board the tour bus in order of rank.

37:26

Top rankers sit up front.

37:29

So I would always sit next to Inosuke-san.

37:32

We'd chat, and I got to hear a lot of stories.

37:36

- About sumo?
- Yes.

37:39

Inosuke-san taught me a lot on that tour.

37:43

Just like he said, there's so much work to be done behind the scenes.

37:48

When I first got into sumo about 30 years ago, Inosuke-san was a referee for second-division bouts.

37:58

Since then, his name has changed as his career has advanced.

38:03

Back then, he still had a long way to go.

38:07

I've watched him from that era.

38:10

When a referee is promoted, his name changes.

38:13

It's fun to follow the whole process.

38:17

- I bet! You saw him inherit the name Shikimori Inosuke.
- Yes.

38:24

There's actually an even more senior name than Shikimori Inosuke.

38:30

Kimura Shonosuke.

38:32

He officiates just one bout: the final match of the day.

38:38

To date the sumo world has seen 73 Yokozuna.

38:42

But there have only been 38 Kimura Shonosuke.

38:47

Until Inosuke took the senior name Kimura Shonosuke in December 2023,

38:52

that role had been vacant for nine years.

38:56

So what does the Kimura Shonosuke name represent?

39:01

We spoke to a man with firsthand experience.

39:04

Ito Katsuharu.

39:09

34th Kimura Shonosuke.

39:14

Ito was appointed the 34th Kimura Shonosuke during the era when Asashoryu and Hakuho clashed as rivals.

39:30

He officiated many bouts that have gone down in history.

39:37

This is the box in which Ito kept his special clothing and other equipment.

39:43

Along with one particularly important item.

39:53

I have something here...

39:57

I had this prepared.

40:00

I don't know if others do it.

40:04

It's a little tattered.

40:05

I never ended up using it.

40:07

A letter of resignation.

40:08

Wow, I've never actually seen one before.

40:14

When a Tate-gyoji makes a wrong call in the ring, he offers to resign.

40:21

I've already signed and stamped this.

40:25

The date and bout are left blank because you don't know when you might make a wrong decision.

40:31

So I prepared this beforehand to get myself mentally ready.

40:36

Of course, I didn't want to have to use it.

40:40

But I had the letter prepared just in case I made an error.

40:45

I folded it in half...and tucked it underneath my fan.

40:53

You sincerely hope you don't have to use it.

40:57

But you never know where the chips may fall.

41:02

That's your frame of mind for all 15 days.

41:08

He says he prepared the letter two days before the start of his first tournament as Kimura Shonosuke.

41:17

He held the rank for about one year and made no errors.

41:21

So the letter remained in his possession.

41:28

Did you all know about this?

41:32

You hear letters of resignation being mentioned, but I'd never actually seen one.

41:39

One time I saw a Tate-gyoji who'd just made a wrong call making his way to the chairman's office.

41:46

He looked extremely apologetic, taking these rueful-looking steps...

41:52

I remember watching him and realizing the weight of responsibility that they bear.

41:58

Resigned to his fate.

42:00

Yes.

42:04

There's one man who dedicated himself to embodying the referee ideal.

42:10

The 28th Kimura Shonosuke.

42:13

I'm a huge fan.

42:15

Me too.

42:17

Ah, I remember watching him.

42:20

He officiated the final bout of the day during the era of the Wakataka brothers and Akebono,

42:25

when sumo's popularity was at an all-time high.

42:30

Shonosuke is the top rank.

42:34

It feels like you're standing at the summit alone.

42:40

Your job carries the full weight of responsibility.

42:48

We spoke to someone who watched Shonosuke carry out his duties.

42:54

Pardon me.

42:57

Kimura Akijiro.

43:03

He served as an attendant to Shonosuke for roughly seven years.

43:12

He'd step down from the ring, return to the referee's room, and let out a big sigh.

43:20

He was relieved he'd made it through the day without incident.

43:24

When I was starting out, I'd think, you were only up there for one bout.

43:29

Referees for the lowest division handle 15, 16 bouts a day.

43:34

I didn't understand how he could get so tired from one bout-

43:39

But that was naive.

43:40

What he was doing was harder than I could ever imagine.

43:46

He says Shonosuke repeatedly instilled in him an important lesson.

43:52

He would say the expression "to decide a bout" is inappropriate.

43:59

Before that I'd hear people talk about referees making decisions,

44:05

but what we actually do is get the rikishi in sync.

44:09

He said it was the job of a referee to ensure that both rikishi are on the same wavelength.

44:17

Far be it from us to decide a match. That's not our place.

44:22

Rikishi are the stars.

44:25

Our job is to empower them...

44:27

to ensure they're in perfect sync.

44:31

One rikishi said to me that a good referee enables him to perform at 120, even 150 percent.

44:38

Shonosuke taught us to say "awaseru" -

44:41

meaning to bring it all together.

44:47

"Awaseru." Shonosuke's philosophy lives on among today's referees.

44:56

Hmm. Oyakata, would you share your thoughts?

45:00

What he said...really resonates with me.

45:04

Grand Sumo is a rare example of a sport where there's no start signal.

45:10

The competitors have to get in sync.

45:13

Of course, strong rikishi are ready to go at any time.

45:16

But it's important that both rikishi are on the same wavelength.

45:20

It's how you prepare yourself to win.

45:23

And the referee is standing right there as this happens.

45:29

So I can really understand that frame of mind.

45:35

My generation handled top-division commentating duties right around the same time he was Tate-gyoji.

45:42

One time we all got to have dinner with him, and he talked about this.

45:48

He said, "You guys in the media talk about the referee who will decide the bout,

45:53

but we don't decide anything."

45:57

My generation of commentators really took that to heart.

46:00

So even now, I never talk about the referee making decisions.

46:05

Fascinating.

46:07

Tate-gyoji Shikimori Inosuke will "awaseru" the next two bouts.

46:13

I've passed that on to junior announcers.

46:16

So I believe they all say "awaseru."

46:19

Yes, they do.

46:20

"Awaseru"!

46:22

We avoid saying "decide."

46:25

So that's why!

46:29

This topic really has so many aspects.

46:33

Yes, it does.

46:35

We got to see a lot behind the scenes today.

46:38

I loved it.

46:40

We heard stories about legendary referees.

46:44

So many things I got to learn about.

46:47

You know, in the next life I hope I become a sumo referee.

46:51

Seriously.

46:52

I get it. It was very inspiring.

46:55

Oyakata, thoughts?

46:57

As we saw, Tate-gyoji bear a heavy responsibility and put their careers on the line.

47:04

In that sense they're just like Yokozuna.

47:08

I see.

47:10

Of course, there's a lot of things we weren't able to cover today.

47:14

Right.

47:15

A lot more to discover.

47:17

I hope this encourages viewers to learn more about

47:20

- what referees and other staff do behind the scenes.
- Indeed.

47:24

I learned a lot today.

47:27

OK, Imada-san - it's that time again!

47:31

With pleasure.

47:32

Drum roll please-

47:34

referees are like...

47:37

old-school entertainers.

47:41

Ultimately...it's all about diligence.

47:45

Step by step.

47:47

They start out as apprentices doing odd jobs, working really hard.

47:54

- It's the same for entertainers when they start out.
- So true.

47:58

The dressing rooms on the regional tour were just like an entertainer's dressing room.

48:03

But the thing is...there is one big difference.

48:07

Unfortunately, my agency doesn't have a Kimura Shonosuke.

48:13

We have lots of performers, but we don't have someone who can keep everything in sync.

48:19

At least at my agency.

48:21

- The Shonosuke position is vacant.
- Exactly!

48:28

One final survey question.

48:30

You know you're a referee when...

48:34

"...you shuffle your feet at home."

48:37

"...holding a fan makes you want to use it like a referee."

48:42

And...

48:43

"you see everything in terms of right and wrong."

48:46

Okay - but don't overdo it!

48:53

Tune in next time to DOSUKOI Sumo Salon!