Direct Talk

A major problem has been besetting
India's holy river, the Ganges.

You see the flowers floating
on the surface of the water.

There's concern that the flowers
used in religious services at temples

are causing pollution.

Ankit Agarwal,

the founder and CEO
of a start-up company in India,

rose up to tackle this issue.

He has developed incense made from flowers.

So these incense that we are making from
the flowers are again used to worship gods.

So it's a full cycle.

What are his ideas for
creating a sustainable society?

Let's hear what he has to say.

Sacred Flowers, Sacred River

My name is Ankit Agarwal.

I am the founder of Phool.co

We are the world's first company
which collects temple waste in India

and converts them into organic products.

So it's been five years now with Phool.

We collect around 11 tons of flowers
every single day in two cities.

One is Kanpur, second is Varanasi.

And we convert these flowers into
the world's first charcoal-free incense.

Ankit's company is based in
Kanpur in northern India.

It's an industrial city
located on the banks of the Ganges.

Ankit, who was born and raised in the city,

founded his company in 2017.

It's named Phool,

which means "flower" in Hindi.

So what was his motivation
for starting up the business?

Back in 2015,

I have a Czech friend.

His name is Jacob.

He had come down to India.

So I took Jacob to the
guards of the river Ganges.

Luckily, unluckily,

that day it was an Indian festival

called Makar Sankranti.

And the water was so dirty

that we didn't even want to touch it.

He then finally said that,

"Why don't you do something about it?"

I was like, "Boss, this is India.

This is the Ganges.

This is not Europe.

We can't do anything about it."

And the moment I said this,

a nearby temple dumped
truckloads of flowers in the water.

And I was amazed.

I have seen my parents
put temple waste in the river

or my grandparents did the same.

Everyone I know

puts the temple waste in the river.

No one had ever questioned
the practice before,

and no one had even
thought of river pollution.

At that time, Ankit was working for a
foreign affiliated company

as an automation scientist.

He then spent six months
conducting research

and confirmed the problem of pesticide-laden
flowers being discharged into the river.

All these flowers, just to meet
the sheer demand of flowers,

the farmers use pesticides and
insecticides to grow these flowers.

What happens is these flowers
that are loaded with pesticides,

they get into the river,

mixes with the river water,

then the same water leaches into
the groundwater, causing irreversible damage.

And this is one of the leading causes of

severe diarrhea, hepatitis
across India and Bangladesh

and affects lives of 20 million people.

Approximately 8 million tons of flowers
are washed down the Ganges River every year.

In order to help solve the problem,
Ankit has developed his incense.

We convert these flowers

into the world's first charcoal-free incense.

We have invested
more than a million dollars

into the world's first
dedicated R&D for temple waste.

Because generally incenses
are made from charcoal.

So if we could replace charcoal somehow,

that could really change the game.

The incense-making begins at the temple.

The company staff visit 12 temples
in the city every day to collect the waste

from religious events.

They take it on trucks
to the company's facility

and separate the flowers from the trash.

The flowers are divided by type and

finely broken down into petals.

Then the pesticides
on the flowers are removed.

So then we tried and
picked up elements from them

which could offset all these elements
in the insecticides and pesticides.

So a very simple principle

like for example,

your iodine gets offset with the compounds
present in the seeds of the black plum.

Then these flowers are sprayed with
our own organic bioculum to offset

any pesticide residue that might be there.

This bioculum is a proprietary.

This thing, we have never
released the formula out.

Then these flowers are thoroughly washed.

The petals are dried for several days
and then turned into powder.

To complete the incense,

the clay-like flowers are
wrapped around wooden sticks,

dipped in essential oil, and scented.

So "flowercycling" is a word
that I had coined

to explain like
I combined flower and recycling

that became flower recycling.

That is like that's the logic behind it.

And today we have like this
we have a trademark over this term.

In fact, there was a deeper reason

for transforming flowers into incense.

So first, let me explain

why we used to put
temple flowers in the river.

The thing is, once these flowers have been
offered to the gods, they become sacred.

And anything that is offered to the gods

cannot be disposed in the dust.

It needs to be respected.

And that is why they were
put into River Ganges or other rivers,

because these rivers are
also considered sacred.

In our Phool operations,

we ensured that these
temple flowers are respected.

No one steps on them

like we don't touch them.

We don't keep our feet on them.

They are treated with very sanctity.

In the Hindu Aarti,

there is this line in our Hindu prayers.

There's this line which says,

"Tera tujhko arpan," in Hindi.

In English, that means is

what belongs to the gods
goes back to the gods.

So these incense that
we are making from the flowers

are again used to worship gods.

So it's a full cycle.

So generally people like the idea very much

that instead of putting polluting
the river or something,

it is again going back to the gods

and then these incentives are
healthier than your normal incense.

Flowers offered to the gods are
used again as incense at religious events.

The company currently produces
16 different types of incense,

and they are sold mainly through
retail stores at home as well as online.

The business has now taken off.

However, when Ankit launched his activities,

many doubts were apparently expressed.

See, the first thing was
like the disbelief that was there

because everyone felt this was madness.

Like, why would I start?

Like, "Why would you start cleaning temples?"

"You have a good job."

So that was the biggest thing.

Even my own family, they felt very cheated.

They felt that they'd spent money
on my education, everything.

And now I'm trying to
clean temples, wasting all of that.

So that was one.

And no one had seen any product come out of
temple waste at that point of time.

So see, the first temple or like,
I used to go on

and do collecting kilos of flower,

bring it back on my scooter.

And so they were like the priest or friend

or he's a small boy trying

like I was 26 then.

He was always trying to do
something with like support it.

So and he always said that
"Don't misuse these flowers."

I said, "I will do nothing wrong
with them, don't worry."

And when I showed him the first product
made from the flowers, the incense,

and I said that "You can operate with it,"

he was very, very happy.

When he had built up trust
through steady efforts,

unexpected collaborators appeared.

These are women who have been
disadvantaged by the status system

that once existed in India.

So we generally hire like now, we have,

we hired women who were
from the scavenger community.

So the backstory is that
when I started working right,

I didn't have resources.

I used to work like about 30 kilometers
away from the main city.

And it was very difficult for me
to get people to work.

Then suddenly what happened?

There were these two ladies who came for work

and they were regular for a week.

The ladies told me

that they come to like there are three things
that makes them work with me.

That was one is that they didn't have to
go to ten places to clean the bathrooms.

Second was, I used to
pay them on a daily basis

rather than giving them,
holding their pay for a month,

or giving them leftover food.

And the third was they said that
they like this work

because this is gods' work,

because they said we can't go afford
to offer all these things to the gods,

but at least we are happy to
clean the temples and everything.

Since then it has been
our mission and vision,

to clean the River Ganges
through women's livelihoods.

The company now has
more than 100 female employees.

What do they think about their work?

I love flowers. I like them so much!
I'm happy I get to play with flowers here.

The pick-up and drop-off bus service is very
convenient for the women working here.

Thanks to this work, I've bought many items
for home and been able to build my house.

Ankit's passion is also evident
in the company's packaging.

The lady represents the people
who are making this incense

This represents the temple

and these represent the Ganges water.

And this is the fragrance.

Like, for example, this is rose.

So this represents the fragrance.

Like, see, we didn't have a lot of resources

in terms of money,
in terms of distribution power.

So I find the only thing that
can help me grab eyeballs is the design.

So that was the first experiment
like your organic stuff can be vibrant,

it can be beautiful.

So that is why you see
a lot of colors on the packaging.

I felt that why not try and
use this contemporary design

and let's see if it works or not.

So thankfully it does work.

Ankit is contributing to the
development of the local community

as well as preserving
the environment and traditions.

His efforts are now attracting attention
from abroad as a model of a circular economy.

Recently, the company has been
actively developing new products,

such as this white leather.

It is the microorganisms that feed on
the petals that create the material.

It's called "Fleather,"

by compounding the words
"flower" and "leather".

Research is underway to see if
it can be used as a leather substitute.

Ankit continues to search for the realization

of a sustainable society
in a variety of ways.

What is it that he values most?

I think it's very simple.

The bottom line is that
you don't hurt anyone's sentiment

and you don't hurt, you respect the religion.

You respect the local customs and the people.

So I feel we have ensured

that we never crossed that thin line

of disrespecting our religion,
disrespecting our gods or the temples.

It's a very clean way of working.

As the business grows, it becomes
tougher and tougher every single day.

So as the size of operation grows
and everything, it becomes tough.

Yeah, every day

you leave something,

you feel, "No, this is not going anywhere.
What am I doing?" And things like that.

But then you collect yourself

and you keep on improving, improving, see.

So every business has them.

Like when you're starting something,

everything has highs and lows.

So I try and keep to remember the highs

because lows there are so many lows, right?

So high is what you live on

and then you continue,
keep on continuing what you do.

And for me, it's like any business
needs to do good for the society,

apart from just creating wealth
for the stakeholders.

Only if you see history.

Only businesses that do good

have like survived the test of time.

Finally, we asked Ankit

to tell us his motto.

So I have written,

"Strive hard and be patient.
Good things take time."

If you are trying to change certain things

and if you are targeting
something big, then it takes time.

Even if you work hard, you wouldn't,

there's a possibility that
you don't see immediate results.

So you have to work hard and be patient

and good things take time as well.